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Two Arrivals On One Baby Shower

The traveller of a kid should, and is e’er a important function. The parents are transferral another story into the humanity and by throwing a girl consume, poverty to apportion their joy with you. Twins can be a primary joy, and a primary visitation, and because of this there should be a unscheduled infant rainfall upright for twins.

A European immigrant, Franz Schauer is credited with the beginning of the ordinal mortal ware, when he was hunting for new construction to get the ultra privileged of New Royalty to buy his silverware products. He change that a new pass, or practice would be the finest way to swing his customers, and the kid descent was foaled.

Evidently when treatment with twins, it’s not unimaginative to exclusive fete the somebody who is hatched proceedings before the new.

Games are a big effort of the conventional missy ablution, and could be the easiest way to merged the twins tune into the day. There are numerous babe shower games that can but be modified to be played as partners, emulating the match’s thought.

Source of this article: Two Arrivals On One Baby Shower

If you were intellection to service sandwiches, comprehend a way to represent two, soothe slightly adjunctive. If you’re deed with dainty treats and pastries, Twinkies could service both as a strange evidence on the day, and as something that can fit into the strain.

The visitant listing can also function as a fun way to keep this incomparable occurrence. Patch pouring crossways sufficiency sets of grown twins to modify out the band would most potential be out of the excogitate, a ruler that everyone welcome moldiness alter someone with them could satisfy within the motif.

This is a way to fulfil within the strain of the twins individual squander, and it’s but practicable. One babe needs a box of diapers, sibling babies module poorness two. One binky for a single tyke, two binkies for twins.

Piece the standing is to excrete certain that the guests get fun, and relish the day, the nether route is that this identify of human rain is literally, one in a cardinal.

You can find more information about baby shower invitations at http://edchua.vox.com/library/post/an-invite-from-two-babies.html, where you can read about twin baby shower invitations.

About the Author

Andre writes articles on different fields of interest.

help with baby shower invitations?

so im making my mom invitations for her baby shower, but all out of
scratch like Construction Paper magazines &stuff like that, but im not
sure of what to put on it.

i wish i could upload pics i would show you my baby shower invitation … just design it with different color bottles & pacifiers and bibs & clothes !

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Solar Panel Construction Diy Guide – You MUST Read This !

If you can spare five minutes to read this because you’re curious about a diy solar panel Construction Guide, you’re going to be really inspired. I’ll share several constructive tips on how you can equip your house with an unlimited free power source, and – get this – make money from it. Am i dreaming? It won’t hurt to hear me out – devote a few minutes to this article.

Why break the bank paying bills for ordinary electricity when you can generate your own power with simple solar panels and a converter, right on your own roof or somewhere else on your property? And fortunately, this system doesn’t cost much; it used to be in the recent past, but times have changed.

How do i know all that? I had heard about some of the benefits of solar energy, and was doing some research on a diy solar panel construction guide and i heard about the fact that a considerable number of people – in our country as well as thousands of miles away – already started using a truly extraordinary solution which turns ordinary sunlight into an abundant supply of electricity in no time. Looking into all this a little deeper, i also discovered that you can get set up with the purchase of a few everyday materials, at a cost that anyone and i’ll say it again: anyone can afford. At long last, we can all take advantage of a state-of-the-art technology that delivers an easy way to capitalize on the sun’s free power supply – it will always be there for you.

Whether you’ve just begun research on a diy solar panel construction guide, or you’re ready to start using one, do a little more research and verify the facts – not only you can enjoy free and unlimited electricity, your monthly power bill will be a thing of the past. you won’t need the electric company for this basic household need. I found out that it’s possible to make money from the electric company in your region for all extra electricity that you produce. Here’s one more important thing to consider – by generating your own energy your new self-sufficiency will contribute to a cleaner world today, tomorrow, and beyond.

About the Author

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Whats a good book/training manual/reference guide to wilderness survival?

I have been looking for a good book that has:
1.Fire starting methods
2.Shelter construction
3. Edible plants
4. First aid without equipment.

Try this site.

http://www.paladin-press.com/SearchResult.aspx?CategoryID=21

You may also contact the Government Printing office. If you can get your hands on a copy of the US Air Force Pilot’s survival training material or as a second choice the US Navy.

They are probably equally good, I’m just retired from the Air Force and still hold that loyalty.

There is a tremendous amount of information to absorb but if I can do it so can you.

Ref: Winter in Fairbanks, AK… Summer in Gila Bend, AZ. If you can get water at -60 F and at 125 F there won’t be many things left that will frighten you very much. You will respect a situation but approach it with a “Can Do” attitude and your mind working.

Giving up and a mental shut down is what kills people.

Mr Manhole System

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Buy Movie Posters of Your Favorite Movies

We have often seen that we hardly remember a movie for a long time because these days new movies come up with new themes every time. There are very few movies that remain our favorite for a long time and we prefer watching those movies any number of times. To give a special look to your movies you can collect movie posters of your favorite movies and create a perfect memorabilia.

Once you start collecting the movie posters of your favorite movies then it will be easy for you to keep a trace of your all time favorite movies. Also, you can write the memories associated with a specific movie on the specific movie poster, as this will always make you travel down the memory lanes and cherish the best moments associated with that movie.

Once you watch a movie and find it apt to become a part of your poster memorabilia then buy the best movie posters of that movie. You can even buy a single yet most attractive and colorful poster of that movie to constantly keep updating your posters memorabilia. Keeping your collection well maintained will surely construct a platform for you to showcase your love for art. You can maintain the collection of posters in a big poster album and keep it save with you for years.

Keep watching your favorite movies and collect the best posters of your choice to maintain a quality poster album. Once you will have a good collection of posters then surely you will love to go through your entire poster collection. If your hobby is collecting posters, then you can enjoy your hobby in the best way.

So, keep watching movies and collect movie posters from the best poster galleries or online poster portals to keep a trace of your all time favorite movies.

About the Author

Patrick Arden is a professional writer, presently he is writing articles on nature posters, architecture posters, bob Marley posters, clander, college posters, colours posters, films posters, movie posters, one sheet posters, order posters, television posters and many more.

What can be used to paint poster board?

I have to build a box for a school project and I am using poster board. What can I use to color it? Should I just take Construction Paper and then draw over it?

You can cover it in paper, or you can use acrylic or craft paint. Watercolor will make the poster board bow outwards and warp, and oil paint is expensive and will take a long time to dry. Spray paint should also work so long as you don’t put it on too thick, otherwise it is likely to make the poster board warp as well.

If you want to use paper, you could also use wraping paper, and spray adhesive to glue it on.

Or just buy poster board in the color you want it to be to start with.

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Dollhouse Building Supplies

Building a dollhouse is fun, but it can also be hard work, especially if you don’t have all of the required supplies for putting the dollhouse together. With careful planning and a detailed list, however, you can put those concerns aside and get on with building the dollhouse of your dreams. There are a few critical supplies when it comes to building a dollhouse that can make the process of construction a lot smoother and a lot less complex.

Doors

Any good dollhouse has stylish and elegant doors. There are a number of doors available, of course, and the builder can pick from a variety of exciting designs. Interior, exterior, elaborate, and double doors are available from most major dollhouse suppliers. The interior doors lead from room to room within the dollhouse and come in a broad variety of materials and colors, making the inside of your dollhouse come to life with individual design ideas. Exterior doors are important, too, as they welcome the “guests” to the dollhouse with fashion and flare.

Door accessories are important for the proper installation of the doors, too. Hinges and box locks are available from most major retailers to allow the door additional functionality. Door handles, door knobs, and door knockers help give the dollhouse that additional personal touch and make it seem a little more like “home.”

Windows

Most windows are available as a part of a set for purchasing and installing in your dollhouse design. There are, of course, a number of different types of windows to choose from. Sash, arched, panel, dormer, and bay windows are all available in luxurious dollhouse versions to help give a hint of realism to the design. Imagine opening the home design with a big bay window in the front room to allow for lots of visitors to see in at the fantasy world within the dollhouse.

Flooring

Yes, you can have a hardwood floor for your dollhouse! There are infinite options when it comes to flooring designs for a dollhouse. Hardwood flooring, tiles, carpet, wood borders, runners, and scale flooring are all options to consider when forming the basis for the dollhouse. Pick one floor type to run through as a pattern through the home or go with a different floor type in every room. The choice is yours!

Wallpaper

The walls can be decorated with personal flavor, too. There are a number of wallpaper designs available for the dollhouse, many of which have unique and tasteful designs. Choose from generic single color patterns, designer wallpaper kits, world map wallpaper, mini graphics wallpaper, or any other wallpaper design that can add the comforts of home to the dollhouse. Each wallpaper design can be applied through tiling for extra convenience.

Lighting and Electrical Items

Bringing the dollhouse to life takes just a bit of light. You can add special fixtures, lighting options, sconces and wall fixtures, lamps for the table or the floor, fireplaces, and a wide variety of electrical items for the home. You might even be able to find a miniature plasma TV for the inside of the dollhouse! The sky is really the limit when it comes to decorating and caring for your dollhouse.

About the Author

Learn more about the fascinating world of miniatures. Visit TheMagicalDollhouse.com today for a great doll house and dollhouse accessories from top miniature companies.

Progress on the House

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THE TASK-BASED SYLLABUS

A.  Introduction

At present, task-based syllabuses have not been widely implemented in language teaching. The problems are: the definition of tasks are so broad as to include almost anything that involves learners doing something, procedures for the design and selection of tasks remain unclear, and the excessive use of communicative tasks may encourage fluency at the expense of accuracy (Richard 2001:163).

 In Indonesia, related to the implementation of Curriculum 2006 (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan), task-based learning can be regarded as one particular approach to implementing the broader “communicative approach”. The aim of task-based learning is to develop student’s ability in communication.

The task-based syllabus is known based on work by Krahnke (1981,1982), Candlin and Murphy (1986), and Johnson (1982). The defining characteristic of task-based content is that it uses activities that the learners have to do for noninstructional purposes outside of the classroom as opportunities for language learning. Tasks are distinct from other activities to the degree that they have a noninstructional purpose and measurable outcome. Tasks are way of bringing the real world into the classroom (Krahnke,1987).

There have been a lot of researchers and theories in the last twenty years on the use of tasks in language teaching, particularly tasks which involve interaction between learners (e.g., Breen, 1987;  Prabhu, 1987; Nunan 1989).

As Willis (2004) points out, a number of crucial research findings change the course of EFL language teaching pedagogy in the 20th century. Due to the research findings, Finch (2006) concludes that as follows:

1. Language learning, even in a classroom setting, seems to develop independently of instruction,
2. Learners acquire language according to their own inbuilt internal syllabus regardless of the order in which they are exposed to particular structure and regardless of mother tongue influences,
3. Teaching does not and cannot determine the way that the learner’s language will develop (citing Skehan, 1996),
4. Learners do not necessary learn what teachers teach (citing Allwright, 1984),
5. Learner do not first acquire language as a structural system and then learn how to use this system I communication, but rather actually discover the system itself in the process of learning how to communicate (citing Ellis, 2003, p.14)

In addition to the findings, psycho-linguistic and socio-linguistic researchs have shown that:

1. Motivation is one of the key issues in language learning and that skills to motivate learners are crucial for language teachers (Dornyei, 2001, p. 1 citing in Finch, 2006),
2. Collaboration is more effective than competition as a means of promoting effective learning (Kohn, 1992 citing in Finch 2006)
3. Learners learn more in groups than individually, since cooperative social interaction produces new, elaborate, advanced psychological processes that are unavailable to the organism working in isolation (Vygotsky, 1989, p. 61 citing in Finch 2006).

This paper covers (1) the definition of task, (2) task components, (3) the characteristics of task-based syllabus (4) A framework for task-based course design, (5) Classifying tasks, (6) The thematic content of tasks, (7) Sequencing tasks, and (8) Constructing a task-based syllabus.

B.   The Content

1. The definition of task

Let us see some definition from some experts in task-based learning and teaching.

According to Long (1985):

A task is ‘a piece of work undertaken for oneself or others, freely or for some reward. Thus, examples of tasks include painting a fence, dressing a child, filling out a form, buying a fair of shoes, making an airline reservation, borrowing a library book, taking a driving test, typing a letter, weighing a patient, sorting letters, taking a hotel reservation, writing a cheque, finding a street destination, and helping someone across a road. In other words, by “task” is meant the hundred and one things people do in everyday life, at work, at play, and in between. “Tasks” are the things people will tell you they do if you ask them and they are not applied linguists’.

According to Nunan (1989):

A communicative task is ‘a piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing, or interacting in the target language while their attention is principally focused on meaning rather than form. The task should also have a sense of completeness, being able to stand alone as a communicative act in its own right’.

And according to Bygate, Skehan, and Swain (2001):

‘A task is an activity which requires learners to use language, with emphasis on meaning, to attain an object’.

 1. Task Components

The definition of a language learning task requires specification of four components: the goals, the input (linguistic or otherwise), the activities derived from this input, and finally the roles implied for teacher and learners (Nunan 1989, p. 47).

Candlin (1987) cited in Nunan 1990:47) suggests that tasks should contain input, roles, settings, actions, monitoring, outcomes and feedback. Input refers to the data presented for learners to work on. Roles specify the relationship between participants in a task. Setting refers to the classroom and out-of-class arrangements entailed in the task. Actions are the procedures and sub-tasks to be performed by the learners. Outcomes are the goal of the task, and feedback refers to evaluation of the task.

Shavelson and Stern (1981) cited in Nunan 1990), who are concerned with general educational planning rather than TESOL planning in particular, suggest that task design should take into consideration the following elements:

-       Content – the subject matter to be taught

-       Materials – the things that learners can observe/manipulate

-       Activities – the things the learners and teacher will be doing during the lesson

-       Goals – the teacher’s general aim for the task (these are much more general and vague than objectives)

-       Students – their abilities, needs and interests are important

-       Social community – the class as a whole and it s sense of ‘groupness’

(Shavelson and stern 1981: 478)

 Wright (1987 in Nunan 1990) suggests that tasks need minimally contain just two elements. These are input data which may be provided by materials, teachers or learners and initiating question which instructs learners on what to do with the data.

 1. The characteristic of task-based syllabus

Looking at the characteristic of task-based syllabus, there are positive and negative characteristic. Positive characteristic: (1) task-based instruction is potentially very powerful and widely applicable, (2) suitable for learners of all ages and backgrounds, (3) addresses the crucial problem-directly, by using active and real tasks as learning activities, (4) ability to perform the instructional task is equivalent to the ability to use the language, so functional ability should be a natural outcome of the instructional experience, (5) task-based learning can be very effective when the learners are engaged in relatively similar out-of-class activities (social or academic), (6) task-based learning can be especially useful for learners who are not accustomed to more traditional type of  classroom learning or who need to learn cognitive, cultural, and life skills along with the language.

While the negative characteristics are: (1) problems can easily arise with teachers, the instructional setting, or the students, (2) task-based learning requires resources beyond the text books, (3) because TBL is not what many students expected and want from a language, they may resist or object to this type of instruction, (4) evaluation of TBL can be difficult, however, it is easy to measure the language proficiency.

1. A framework for task-based course design

The construction of a task-based syllabus requires a specification of the tasks to be included in the syllabus. To achieve this it is helpful to classify tasks in terms of their type, to determine their thematic content and then to sequence them using appropriate criteria for grading their level of difficulty for the learner. This will suffice in the preparation of a task-based syllabus consisting entirely of linguistically unfocused tasks. However, an optional element in the framework is a specification of the features of language, i.e. the forms and functions of language, to be incorporated into the design of the syllabus.  

1. Classifying tasks

Task classification is important for a number of reasons. First, it provides a basis for ensuring variety; syllabus designer can refer to the classification to ensure that they incorporate a range of task types into the course. Second, it can be used to identify the task types that match the specific needs or preferences of particular groups of learners. Third, it affords teachers a framework for experimenting with tasks in their classroom; they can systematically try out the different types of tasks to discover which tasks work for their students.

Pedagogic classification

Willis (1996) offers a somewhat different pedagogic classification of tasks based on an analysis of the kinds of tasks commonly found in text book materials. The types reflect the kind of operations learners are required to carry out in performing tasks:

• Listing, i.e. where the completed outcome is a list
• Ordering and sorting, i.e. tasks that involve sequencing, ranking, categorizing or classifying items.
• Comparing, i.e. tasks that involve finding differences or similarities in information.
• Problem-solving, i.e. tasks that demand intellectual activity as in puzzles or logic problems.
• Sharing personal experiences, i.e. tasks that allow learners to talk freely about themselves and share experiences.
• Creative tasks, i.e. projects, often involving several stages that can incorporate the various types of tasks above and can include the need to carry out some research.

Willis acknowledges that this classification is not exhaustive but argues that it will help to generate a variety of actual tasks.

 Rhetorical classification

A rhetorical classification of tasks draws on theories of rhetoric that distinguish different discourse domain in terms of their structure and linguistic properties-narrative, instruction, description, reports, etc. Such a classification often underlies language courses for academic purposes (for example, Arnaudet 1984) and is often linked to the specific language functions that figure in academic written discourse, for example, definitions, classifications, giving examples. One advantage of adopting a rhetorical classification is that discourse domain has been shown to be a factor that influences both the negotiation of meaning and the quality of learner production. Another advantage is that it lends itself to the design of specific purpose courses, as learners’ needs can often be readily specified in terms of the specific domains they need to master.

An alternative, more theoretically satisfying approach to classifying tasks rhetorically is to utilize the concept of genre, defined by Swales (1990 in Ellis 2003:212) as ‘a class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes’. Exemplars of a given genre not just a given structure and style but a communicative purpose. However, they can be more or less prototypical of genre. Examples of genres are recipes, political speeches, job application letters, good/bad news, medical consultations and radio-telephonic flight control messages. Swales shows how genre analysis can be used effectively to describe the types of discourse found in academic settings and provides an extended account of one such genre-the research article. He suggests that the ideal pedagogic vehicle for teaching genres is ‘task’.

 Cognitive classification

A cognitive approach to classifying tasks is based the kind of cognitive operations different types of tasks involve. Prabhu (1982) distinguishes three general types of tasks based on the kind of cognitive activity involved:

• Information-gap activity involves ‘a transfer of given information from one person to another-or from one form to another, or from one place to another-generally calling for the encoding or decoding of information from or into language.
• Reasoning-gap activity involves ‘driving some new information from given information through process of inference, deduction, practical reasoning, or a perception of relationships or patterns’.
• Opening-gap activity involves ‘identifying and articulating a personal preference, feeling, or attitude in response to a given situation’.

Psycholinguistic classification

A psycholinguistic classification of tasks sets out to establish a typology of tasks in relation to their potential for language learning. The system is ‘psycholinguistic’ in the sense that is based on interactional categories that have been shown to affect the opportunities learners have to comprehend input, obtain feedback, and to modify their own output. The categories are:

• Interactant relationship: this concerns who holds the information to be exchanged and who requests it and supplies it in order to achieve the task goals. It relates to the distinction between one-way and two-way tasks. This category is derived from research that indicates that when there is a mutual relationship of request and suppliance,  negotiation, of meaning is more likely to occur.
• Interaction requirement: this concerns whether the task requires participants to request and supply information or whether this is optional.
• Goal orientation: this concerns whether the task requires the participants to agree on a single outcome or allows them to disagree.
• Outcome options: this refers to the scope of the task outcomes available to the participants in meeting the task goals.

 A General framework

From the above account of task classification, it is clear that there is currently no accepted single typology of tasks nor is there any consensus regarding the choice of organizing principle for constructing such a typology. At best then, task classification can be informed by a general framework based on a number of key dimensions of tasks. The following figure is an attempt at such a general framework. It draws on rhetorical, cognitive, and psycholinguistic typologies described above.

The thematic content of tasks

In Estaire and Zanon’s (1994) framework for developing a task-based unit of work, for example, ‘select theme or interest area’ is the starting point. Similarly, a key element in the preparation of the ‘final task’ of a unit is determining the ‘thematic aspects’ of the task.

The choice of theme will depend to a considerable extent on whether the pedagogic purpose of the task-based course is general proficiency or some specific use of the L2. In the case of the former, the guiding principles in the selection of content for task will be (1) topic familiarity and (2) intrinsic interest (3) topic relevancy by predicting the general situations that learners may later find themselves in.

Estaire and Zanon (1994) provide a ‘theme generator’. This is organized in terms of thematic areas that are close or remote to the learner. Estaire and Zanon offer a number of specific topics for each thematic area based on suggestions made by teachers they have worked with. For example, topics relating to ‘students’ include ‘birthdays’, ‘eating habits’, and ‘how the body works’. Of course, the themes/topics chosen for a particular group of learners will depend on both the students’ level of proficiency, i.e. close topics being more suitable for beginner learners and remote topics for more advance learners, and also on local cultural values and interests.

2. Sequencing tasks

The design of a syllabus requires the content be sequenced so as to facilitate maximum learning. In effect, this requires determining the complexity of individual tasks so that tasks can be matched to learners’ level of development.

Sequencing tasks faces several problems in particular grading criteria to be used. Widdowson (1990) notes that we do not possesses a sufficiently well-defined model of cognitive complexity to establish such criteria and concludes that task-based syllabuses thus face exactly the same problem as linguistic syllabuses-they cannot be modeled on the sequence of language acquisition.

There are three sets of factors which learners are able to perform different tasks.  First, task complexity, as Robinson (2001: 29) comments:

Task complexity is the result of the attentional memory, reasoning, and other information processing demands imposed by the structure of the task on the language learner. These differences in information processing demands, resulting from design characteristics, are relatively fixed and invariant.

Task complexity can account for intra-learner variability, i.e. the variability evident when the same learner performs different tasks.

Second, task difficulty, Robinson identifies factors relating to learners as individuals, which can influence how easy or difficult a particular task is for different participants. Task difficulty accounts for inter-learner variability. And finally, the methodological procedures used to teach a task. These procedures can increase or ease the processing burden placed on the learner. They include the use of pre-task activity, for example, pre teaching the vocabulary needed to perform the task or carrying out a task similar to the main task with the assistance of the teacher, and planning time, i.e. giving students the opportunity to plan before they undertake task.

Factors relating to input

 Input medium

With regard to input medium, information that is presented in written or pictorial form, which can be decoded in the learner’s own time, is likely to be easier to process than information that is provided orally, which requires online decoding. However, the validity of this claim will depend on the learner’s level of proficiency in the L2. Prabhu (1987 in Ellis 2003: 222) notes that the students in the Communicational Teaching Project (beginner learners in Indian secondary schools) found tasks with an oral input easier than tasks presented in writing. It can also be surmised that pictorial input will be easier than verbal input as it makes no demands on the learners’ linguistic resources. Tasks involving pictures and diagrams frequently figure in courses designed for learners of limited proficiency (for example, Prabhu 1987).

Code complexity

The code complexity of the input, i.e. its lexical and syntactical complexity, is also likely to influence the learner’s ability to comprehend. Input texts with high frequency vocabulary and a low level of subordination are easier  to understand than texts with low frequency vocabulary and complex sentence structure.

Cognitive complexity

Cognitive complexity is as important as code complexity. This concerns the cognitive demands of processing the informational content of the input material. Brown et al. (1984) suggest that it involves two dimensions. First, there is the information type. This can be ‘static’ task, i.e. the information contains changing events and activities as in a video story, or ‘abstract’, i.e. tasks that present information that has to be used to form an opinion or justify a position. The second dimension referred to by Brown et al. concerns the amount of information to be processed-the number of different elements or relationships involved.

Context dependency

Robinson (1995) bases his claim that context-free input is more complex on the results of L1 and L2 studies that show ‘there and then’ reference to be developmentally later. Nunan (1989) also notes that texts supported by photographs, drawings, tables, and graphs are easier to understand.

Familiarity of information

‘familiarity of information’ relates to ‘task difficulty’ as much as to ‘task complexity’, as it concerns the relationship between the theme of the task and individual learner’s world knowledge. Prabhu (1987: 88 in Ellis 2003: 223) comments that ‘learners’ knowledge of the world can make tasks more or less difficult for them, depending on whether they are more or less familiar with purposes and constraints of the kind involved in the tasks’.

Factors relating to task conditions

Condition influencing the negotiation of meaning

Markee (1997: 98 in Ellis 2003: 224) notes that ‘some tasks are psycholinguistically more difficult to complete than others’. He bases this claims that indicates that one-way tasks promote less negotiation of meaning than two-way tasks.

Task demands

One condition that has received some attention is task demands, specifically whether the task imposes a single or a dual demand.

Discourse mode

Skehan (2001) proposes that dialogic tasks promote greater accuracy and complexity and monologic tasks greater fluency.

Factors relating to the process of performing a task

Reasoning needed

Of the three types of tasks that Prabhu (1987) describes that information-gap tasks proved the easiest and opinion-gap tasks the most difficult, with reasoning-gap tasks intermediate.  In the case of reasoning tasks, Prabhu identifies the reasoning needed as a key factor determining complexity:

The ‘distance’ between the information provided and the information arrived at as outcome, i.e. the number of steps involved in the deduction, inference, or calculation, is a measure of relative difficulty of tasks.

Factors relating to task outcomes

Medium of the outcome

The medium of outcome is a potential factor influencing task complexity. Pictorial and written products may prove easier than oral products, especially if the latter involve  a presentation of some kind. This will depend on the difficulty individual learners experience with the different media.

The scope of the outcome

There is no literature on the relative complexity of tasks with closed and open outcomes. Intuitively, tasks with closed outcomes will be easier in that the participants know there is a ‘right’ answer and thus can direct their efforts more purposefully, and perhaps more economically.

The discourse domain of the outcome

The degree of complexity of these discourse domains depend on the level of detail required in the product. Instructions, for example, can be more or less complex depending on the number and content of the specific directives.

Complexity of the outcome

Skehan (2001: 173) identifies complexity of outcome as an important factor in decision making tasks. He comments:

Some tasks require only straightforward outcomes, in which a simple decision has to be made. Others require multi-faceted judgements, in which the case or position a learners argues during a task can only be effective if it anticipates other possible outcomes, and other learners contributions.

 The nature of the outcome impacts on the task performance, affecting the complexity of arguments that need to be made.

3. Constructing a task-based syllabus

The planning the task-based syllabus needs the following procedures:

1. The starting points is the determination of the goal(s) of the course in terms of its pedagogic focus (general or specific purpose), skill focus (listening, speaking, reading, writing, learner training) and language focus (unfocused or focused)
2. The designer then needs to make a broad choice of task types and specify the particular themes the tasks will deal with. The result of this stage is a list of tasks organized by theme and specified in terms of the general activity that the learners will be required to undertake.
3. The third step would be to specify the nature of the tasks to be used in detail by selecting options relating to input, conditions, process, and outcomes. The selection  would need to be motivated both by a consideration of the psycholinguistic value of the different options and by practical considerations  relating to the specific teaching context.
4. Finally, the tasks need to be sequenced.

C.   Some related information from other resources

The followings are some research of the implementations of task-based.

Carless, D.R (2003), “Factors in the implementation of task-based teaching in primary schools”. His qualitative case study explains that within the Asia Pasific region, a number of attempts to introduce communicative or task-based approaches have often proven problematic, in South Korea (Li, 1998); in  Hong Kong (Carless, 1999; Evans, 1996); in Japan (Browne and Wada, 1998; Gorsuch, 2001); in China (Hui, 1997; Liao, 2000); in Vietnam (Ellis, 1996; Kramsch and Sulivan, 1996); and Indonesia (Tomlinson, 1990).

Factors in implementation of task-based teachings are teachers’ understandings of tasks, their attitudes, the classroom time available for task-based teaching, teacher preparation  of resources, influence of textbook and topics, and the language proficiency of pupils.

Bruton, A. (2006) “Description or Prescription for Task-Based Instruction? A Reply to Littlewood”. Bruton analyzed the Lttlewood (2004) proposal on the task-based approach. Liitlewood offers two dimensions, task involvement and task focus, on which to place activities in the classroom activities.

Finch, A. (2006) “Task-based supplementation: Achieving high school textbook goals through form-focused interaction”. The research showed that meaningful learning could occur, and could be perceived (by the students) to occur. The interactive format of the task-based supplementary activities, students became involved in the learning process, and benefited from an improved awareness of what they were learning and why they were learning it.

Cheng-jun W. (2006) “”Designing Communicative Task for College English Course”. Cheng-jun concluded that the communicative tasks design has been proved to be effective in teaching a foreign language in promoting the learners competence in using the language to do things they need to do. Communicative tasks design offers a change from the traditional teaching routines through which many learners have previously failed to communicative.

D.  Conclusion

Task-based syllabus is a set of planning or set of instructional materials based the aims that have been established for a language program. Task-based syllabus can be used in teaching or learning the communicative purposes. It is organized around tasks that students will complete in the target language. A task is an activity or goal that is carried out using language such as finding a solution to a puzzle, reading a map and giving directions, or reading a set of instructions and assembling a toy (Richard 2001: 161).

A task-based syllabus, however, is one based on tasks that have been specially designed to facilitate second language learning and one in each tasks or activities are the basic unit of syllabus design. A number of second language acquisition theorists have proposed tasks as a basis for syllabus planning. Long and Crookes (1991, 43 in Richard 2001) claim that tasks: “provide a vehicle for the presentation of appropriate target language samples to learners – input which they will inevitably reshape via application of general cognitive processing capacities – and for the delivery of comprehension and production opportunities of negotiable difficulty.”

References:

 Khranke, K. 1987 Approaches to Syllabus Design for Foreign Language Teaching, New Jersy, USA.: Prentice Hall, Inc,

Nunan, D. (1989) Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom, Cambridge:  Cambridg University Press.

Richard, J.C. 2001. Curriculum Development in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge Language Education.

Allen, E.D. andValette, R.M. 1972. Classroom Techniques: Foreign Languages and English as a Second Language, New York:  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

Richard, J.C. and Renandya, W.A. 2002. Methodology in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nunan, D. 1988. The Learner-Centered  Curriculum; A study in second language teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richard, J.C. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ellis, R. 1997. Second Language Acquisition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kumpulan permendiknas tentang SNP dan panduan KTSP, 2008.

GBPP Kurikulum 1994, Depdiknas, Jakarta.

About the Author

The writer is an English teacher of high school in Batam , Indonesia. (Teacher of SMAN 1 Batam)- Indonesia

I have a puzzling calender question please help?!?

It says to fill in the blanks.

1 Midterm exam
2 Cement mixer
3 Flummox

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Paper blankets (Craft pads) as Moving and storage blankets

Paper blanket ? For moving?   You probably never heard of this.

When considering packing furniture for a move or storage many people think about quilted moving blankets as a first choice.  That is absolutely right, but what will happen after you done with the move?

You get stuck with bunch of moving blankets that you will not need in any foreseeable future…You can try to sell it on e-bay, but online auctions for moving and storage blankets are already filled with used packing blankets for sale and you would have to sell your moving blankets cheap, which might not even be worth the trouble.

There is an alternative to cloth quilted moving blankets which is paper blankets, brown paper packing blanket or craft pads.

Many people simply do not know that this option exists. Paper packing blankets are actually better to use than quilted moving blankets, when you are placing your items into long term storage. They are clean, breathable, light and do not take too much extra space.

Paper blankets are environmentally friendly, they are made from managed resources and 100% recyclable. Paper blankets reliably provide Furniture surface protection for storage and moving including sea export shipping to hot climates. Paper moving and packing blankets are clean, strong and breathable/porous to protect wooden surfaces in damp and humid environments. They cost much less than a moving blanket. And after you are done with the move – you can just place them in a recyclables bin.

So what is a paper blanket?

Paper moving blankets are a natural product, manufactured from recycled materials. The cover is reusable and fully recyclable and a green alternative to other furniture blankets and covers. Paper blanket has two outer layers of durable paper and three inner layers with soft tissue like paper that provides cushioning.

How is it made:

Paper blankets are constructed of two outer layers of brown kraft paper and three inner layers of light weight paper. The three inner layers can consist of newsprint, light weight kraft, tissue, toweling bogus, tissue or non woven papers.

Paper moving and packing Blankets come in standard widths of 42″, 48″, 54″ and 60″ and can be cut to almost any length.

The sides of paper packing blankets have a folded edge which creates a more durable blanket and reduces the chance of  paper cuts.

What to use on

Paper blankets are ideal for use with any furniture that might retain moisture or be susceptible to rust. When retained moisture evaporates in warm conditions it will condense if restricted in polyethylene. Water will stain wood and cause mould, on metal it may cause rust. Regular moving blankets are also breathable, of course, but because of thickness of the quilted material it will retain moisture longer and it will also absorb more moisture than paper blanket. Paper moving blanket can be used on any furniture that other moving blankets can be used for:

Wooden tables and office desks, Glass tables and coffee tables, Headboards,  Dressing tables, Chest of Drawers, Wicker furniture, Antique furniture, Wardrobes, Bedside cabinets, etc. Paper blankets can also be used as a cushioning material to fill in boxes or to nestle fragile items: just tear paper packing blanket apart and stuff moving boxes with it.

Premium quality quilted moving blankets provide better cushioning for wrapping the furniture, they are long lasting and durable of course, but you do not necessarily need that for a single move, and all these qualities come with much greater expense.

When you need covers for long term Storage or shipping, or single move, packing blankets do not need to be everlasting, be durable and heavy, They just need to get you through the move. Paper blankets ( craft pads) designed to provide cover and protect furniture from dust, light, and light scratches so the furniture does not fade and get dusty during long storage. Paper blankets are very inexpensive and light weight which will serve you well when shipping overseas container or even using locally for a move around the block.

Plus they are fully recyclable so after use you can simply place them into recycling receptacle.  That save environment and save you headaches of dealing with used moving blankets.

NOTE: Do not be discouraged from using regular blankets, but make paper blanket a money saving and environmentally friendly addition to your packing list. And if you are looking to save costs on moving it make sense to get paper blanket along with regular moving blankets. Get quilted moving blankets for heavy furniture that needs more cushioning and get paper blankets for lighter furniture or for items that will stay in storage for a long time. You can also wrap furniture in paper blankets first and then get movers to use their moving blankets which they will remove in storage and you item will remain covered inside the storage unit and well protected during moving job.

About the Author

Adil Aliev is a founder and CEO of MoversSupplies.com specializing in Moving Blankets. Please send your comments to support@moverssupplies.com http://www.MoversSupplies.com

Are home builders responsible for removing debris from construction site after work is completed?

We just had a home built in Albuquerque New Mexico and have a lot of debris. We are finding electrical prongs, new and old nails, large bolts, tar paper, dry wall, plastic, cigarette butts, tile, broken glass, large chunks of cement and stucco, etc, in our back yard. This is just on the surface. We have not even tried to dig down yet. Some of it is very old and could not have been used in the construction of my home. I think my lot was used as a dump for the construction of other homes before we bought. The builder sent someone out with a leaf rake but it did no good. It is still heavy with debris. Should the home builder be responsible for removing it? I found something on the EPA website called title 40 referring to the proper storage and disposal of waste. Thanks in advance for any help in this matter.

Though they are responsible for removing their own debri and grading the land, sodding or seeding, often times they tend to back hoe everything else into the ground.

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The perfect time to use patriotic party supplies

The Fourth of July is the perfect time to use patriotic party supplies. This is a very important holiday for Americans and people love to celebrate it. They get to show their love for party decorations for their country while also having fun. If you are planning a get-together for the next Fourth of July, then you should include some patriotic themed party supplies. Not only will it make your party look good, but your guests will also appreciate the effort that you put into this.

The main kind of patriotic craft that you can do will use flags. The American flag is used in almost all decorations for this kind of event. To make your party look the best that it can be, you should try to incorporate flags into the party decorations. If you have children, you can enlist them to make the flags. They can use paper and markers or cut shapes out of Construction Paper. Then you can put their creations out for all to see. They would work well on the side of your house and on tables.

Another patriotic flag craft would be to make flag inspired cupcakes. Create them as you normally would, except use the red, white and blue colors when you are frosting them. Not only will they look the part, but they will also taste great. When you pair the party decorations with the great food, as well as some well placed fireworks, you will have one great Fourth of July patriotic celebration that everyone will remember.

Patriotic party supplies is just what you need to make your holidays special. The food at this patriotic party should also fit the theme as well as be quite tasty.

You can also go down the classic picnic route with your Patriotic party supplies. That means you’ll make up plenty of deviled eggs, potato salad, ham and cheese croissants, and pie for dessert. You can also set up the old grill and put a few sides of beef out to cook. Grilled veggies are a great side dish for these treats. A good old red, white and blue Jell-O mold is just perfect for dessert.

About the Author

Tom Keenan is a party planning expert from the internets leading party supplies distributor PartySuppliesWorld.com. Jeff is best on selecting the best possible party supplies and party decorations with clever themes. His straight-forward party planning approach demostrates how to use proper manners while teaching etiquette with organizational skills. He shares lots of interesting fun facts. PartySuppliesWorld.com has birthday party supplies for Adult and Kids’ Parties, retirements, baby showers, bridal showers, bachelorette parties,religious ceremonies, anniversaries, disco parties, luau’s, and much much more. Jeff has brightened the spirits of tens of 1,000’s of customers, grown-ups and kids, with the largest selection of the most colorful birthday party supplies, themes and party decorations, on the planet.

i need party favor ideas. i am planning my sons first bday. its a construction/ bob the builder theme!?

i am planning my sons first birthday, its a construction / bob the builder theme! i need some ideas for party favors and activities!!

Cheap hard hats. I’m sure your local party store has something, or you can find something online.

Pin the hammer on Bob.

Build towers with blocks.

Just an observation though – a first birthday is probably too young for a theme party. Try that next year, your son will actually have a grasp of what’s going on.

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Kids birthday cakes can create wonder and amazement. It is just plain fun to watch a child’s expression when they see a birthday cake that has been made to look like their favorite character or theme. A cake that has been made especially for them with care and creativity. There are several ways you can create themed kids birthday cakes. Depending on your skill level, some may be more appealing to you than others. Here are some different ways you can use to help you make terrific looking theme cakes.

The most obvious way is to use a specially shaped cake pan. There are several specially shaped pans to match most of the themes that are currently popular. This will enable you to bake a cake in the exact shape that you need so that all you have to do is decorate the cake. It is possible though that your child may want a unique party theme for which there is no specially shaped cake pan available. In this instance you are going to have to find another alternative.

One alternative is to create the character yourself by baking an ordinary sheet cake and drawing the character or shape that you want on the cake with icing. Then cut away the cake from the outline of your character. Since you are drawing on your cake with icing, you are free to wipe it off and start over as many times as you need to until you are satisfied with your image. The cut away pieces can also be used to help create your shape or add dimension to areas of your cake.

Yet another way that you can create fantastic looking kids birthday cakes is to use cake toppers or edible cake art images to match your party theme. Cake toppers are usually made from plastic and can be set on top of your cake. When you are finished with your cake, they are often times reusable and can be used on another cake. Edible cake art images are also placed on top of the cake, but are as the name indicates

“edible” so they do not need to be removed from the cake prior to eating it. Both of these alternatives can be used with sheet cakes or round cakes and are probably the easiest alternative. However, they will still give you that great looking cake that will be sure to bring amazement and delight to all of the kids at your party.

No matter which method you choose, kids will be thrilled that you made them a special cake to match their party theme or favorite character. The excitement of the birthday child when he or she sees the cake will be worth the extra effort you put forth in making those themed kids birthday cakes.

Cristy Smith is co-creator of a birthday cake decorating website that is packed full of creative and fantastic looking cakes. Visit http://www.easy-birthday-cakes.com for lots of great ideas for making kids birthday cakes that children will love.

Three-Tier Whimsical Wedding Cake Design : Choose Humorous Wedding Cake Topper

Wilton 4-Tier Stacked Cupcake and Dessert Tower $12.97 Dessert Tower 4 Tier-16.25″X12″. WILTON-Stacked Dessert Tower. What a great way to display cupcakes; appetizers; brownies; fruit and other party treats! This stand consists of four stacking sections with angled tiers for the best view of decorated desse…

Wilton Cupcake Stands Individually decorated cupcakes are the perfect way to add a personal touch to celebrations. Now, with Cupcakes ‘N More, you have the perfect way to serve them! The look is fresh and fun, featuring silver-finished wire spirals to securely hold each cupcake. The twisting, towering design is perfect for any setting-showers, kids’ birthdays, weddings, holidays and more. 15 in. high x 18 wide. Easy to…

Tool Cupcake Picks – Set of 12 $1.99 Perfect for the tool lover at your next event. These cupcake/cake picks are approx 3 inches tall. There are 3 different styles, you will receive 4 of each for a total of 12 picks. A very quick and easy to give your cake a professional look….

Disposable Polypropylene Shoe Covers, 100-Pack DSC100 $8.90 Disposable polypropylene shoe covers protect carpets and floors from Dust! Great Item!…

KleenKover Carpet Film Temporary Carpet Protection 24 X 200′ Reverse Wind $34.95 Carpet Film Temporary Carpet Protection 24″ X 200′ Reverse Wound for easy application. Protects Synthetic Carpet During Renovation Or New Construction. Also great for Model Homes, Moving, Parties, Kennel Club Shows and Inclement Weather. 3 mil thick. Reverse Wound….

Construction Pals Giant Wall Decals Child $39.99 Decals are made of vinyl and are for use on smooth, flat surfaces. Includes 1 large dump truck (54″ wide x 44″ high), 2 road signs, 4 orange construction cones, and 1 light switch decoration. Includes 3″ yellow squeegee as well as full use and care instructions….

Child Construction Hats – 12 Pack $3.99 This plastic yellow construction hat is fitted for aspiring young builders. Hat Size: 20″ Youth. You will receive 12 child size yellow plastic construction worker shaped hats. Great as party hats for a construction themed event! This hat is made from a thin plastic and should not be used as a protective helmet….

Under Construction Cone Candle Set 6pc $3.44 Your cake still under construction? Top off your cake with our construction cone candle set. Each candle set includes 6 red construction cones….

Construction Sign Cutouts 16 (4 count) The package includes four (4) orange construction sign cutouts that measure 16″ x 16″ (41 cm). This is a great way to decorate your construction party room!…

Candy Blox 3 Lbs. $9.94 Candy Blox, Concord look and play just like the classic building block toy, you can eat your delicious candy buildings when they’re finished. Hard candy treats that look just like Lego’s. You can actually stack them like blocks and then eat them. They are fruity flavored and slightly tart….

Congratulations! Your baby is almost one year old, and it’s time to have a 1st birthday party. If this is your first baby, you might like some good first birthday ideas. And even if this is not your first child, you may still appreciate some good first birthday party ideas for making it a warm and loving family occasion.

Who is the First Birthday Party For?

One of the most important things to remember is who this birthday party is really for. At the ripe old age of one, your little one is hardly likely to remember anything about it, except for the birthday cards and pictures that will remain in the scrapbook or photo album afterwards. A one-year-old baby will also not appreciate all the pretty birthday decorations in the same way that you do. When you dress your little girl in her gorgeous, pink “birthday princess” outfit, bear in mind that she will probably make it absolutely filthy in seconds with bits of chocolate, ice cream, and all the other available goodies.

Therefore, renting a hall, a live band, and an elaborate catered meal would not exactly be appropriate here. You might enjoy all the pomp and circumstance, but it is hardly worth it if the hero of the occasion can’t stand it and screams all the way through. If you invite dozens of workmates whom your baby has never seen before, your little one is likely to find the whole experience far too overwhelming and the party will end in tears.

The first rule, therefore, when making your baby’s birthday party is to think what would make the birthday girl or boy happy. At the age of one, most babies are still leery of strangers. They also find loud noises overwhelming. Some babies at this age are still afraid of balloons, so you should try to save those until next year.

For all of these reasons, you should keep all birthday themes fairly low-key. Don’t be seduced by all the colourful advertisements and promises presented by the ” birthday supplies” industry. Your baby would most likely be happiest with a small party, soon after naptime, with a group of their closest friends.

Therefore, keep the birthday invitation list fairly small. If your little one already goes to playgroup, for example, or you know a group of other young mothers and their babies from your visits to the park, these would be the best people to invite, along with your close nieces and nephews, Grandma and Grandpa. These are all the people that your baby is familiar with, and their presence is guaranteed to make your little one feel happy and loved.

Your baby really doesn’t want loads of loud birthday decorations and scary noises. By all means use colour-coordinated plates and serviettes if that makes you happy, but provide healthy finger foods and dips that babies and adults alike would enjoy eating rather than foods that your baby has either never eaten before or would not be any good for them. Banish anything like peanuts that could get stuck in small throats or cause allergies.

Dress the baby in something gorgeous for the photographs at the beginning, but make sure that it’s washable and don’t stress when it gets absolutely filthy!

Also remember that babies of this age tend to play next to each other, rather than together. So lay out plenty of safe toys for all the little ones to play with together on a mat. Games should be age appropriate.

Also make sure that the room is baby-proofed, with all breakables and potentially dangerous items well out of the way.

The party doesn’t need to go on longer than about an hour and a half. After that, if you want, you can put your birthday boy or girl down to rest and the adult guests can have some social time together once the focus is no longer on the birthday.

Most important of all, don’t stress. A 1st birthday is not a wedding. It doesn’t require anything elaborate. What really counts is a happy baby and some gorgeous photos in the family album!

If you would like to find out more information on 1st birthday party visit Newborn Baby. We offer help and advise to parents on babies milestones as well as free help from our expert panel.

Christmas crafts for a school holiday party?

My school club is organizing a holiday party for kids ages 3 to 10. There will be over 60 kids at this party. Only four of us are working the crafts table. For supplies, we have or plan to buy:
-Colored Construction Paper
-Puff paint
-Glitter glue
-Markers, colored pencils, crayons
-Glue sticks/elmer’s glue
-Pipe cleaners
-Beads
-Cotton balls
-Popsicle sticks

You could always make paper chains. Cut six inch strips about inch and a half wide glue or sticky tape end. Next strip put through first one before gluing. Linking together forms the chain. You don’t have to use construction paper any colored paper will do. Use paper plates to make angels. Cut in half and join together to make cone. Ball for head, wings cut out of paper glitter on cone for dress. Have fun.

Norco Event and Contractor’s Equipment Double-D Rentals

Bongzilla Beer Bong with 6 Tubes $39.99 BONGZILLA The 6 tube Funnel Beer Bong that is mounted to a pole! This is the lastest technology in Multi-Tube Beer Bongs and is the newest Beer Bong in the Head Rush Beer bong Family. This product IS the life of the Party! The 6 Tube Funnel mounts on top of the free-standing, adjustable height pole! From 1 to 6 Drinkers can enjoy this product. Includes 6 funnel plugs. If there is less than 6 drin…

Under Construction 54 in x 108in Plastic Tablecover $4.61 Lay the foundation for your party with our all over print Under Construction plastic table cover measuring 54″ x 108″….

Construction Dig Cake Topper $6.95 Construction Dig Cake Topper comes with a Digging machine and dump truck. The dump truck is 5 inches long and the digging machine 3 1/4 inch long and 7 inches high when the crane is extended. Truck and digger both have wheels, the digger carne has working hinges on the shovel, elbow and at the base. The turret also swivels. Make great toys after the cake is gone….

Playstation 2 USB Microphone $16.48 Make like Sammy Davis or Sammy Hagar with the Logitech karaoke microphone. Compatible with Sony PlayStation2 karaoke games, such as Karaoke Revolution by Konami, the USB mic amplifies all your favorite songs while you sing along. The device includes a 15-foot cable, long enough to let you strut your stuff before passing it to a friend, and its durable construction ensures it will last through ever…

Traffic Light $8.95 Awesome Traffic Light….

Construction Pals Giant Wall Decals Child $39.99 Decals are made of vinyl and are for use on smooth, flat surfaces. Includes 1 large dump truck (54″ wide x 44″ high), 2 road signs, 4 orange construction cones, and 1 light switch decoration. Includes 3″ yellow squeegee as well as full use and care instructions….

Yellow Window Marker $0.99 Decorate your windows or car windows with words of encouragement for your team. These Yellow window markers easily wash off with soap and water. Use only on a glass surface….

Child Construction Hats – 12 Pack $3.99 This plastic yellow construction hat is fitted for aspiring young builders. Hat Size: 20″ Youth. You will receive 12 child size yellow plastic construction worker shaped hats. Great as party hats for a construction themed event! This hat is made from a thin plastic and should not be used as a protective helmet….

Peaceable Kingdom / Valentine Cards Heart Pack, Big Dig Construction $4.94 The Valentine Heart Pack from Peaceable Kingdom Press is a fun way to personalize valentines for every friend! Sign your name inside and seal card with one of the enclosed stickers. Use them for fun decorating, too! Then write your friend’s name on the outside and your valentine is ready for giving! Each Heart Pack includes 20 fold-n-seal cards and 48 stickers….

Construction Sign Cutouts 16 (4 count) The package includes four (4) orange construction sign cutouts that measure 16″ x 16″ (41 cm). This is a great way to decorate your construction party room!…

Does your child love to play Fix-It shop? Does he or she really love to saw or hammer with toy tools? And does he or she remain glued to the television screen when the show is on? There is absolutely no doubt that your child will love to have a Handy Manny themed party. Here are some party ideas that will help you get started.

One of the first things that you will have to figure out is where you would love to host the party. If you do not want to host the part at your home you can hold the party at a close by recreation center, park or community clubhouse.

What You would Need for the Party

Once you have chosen a location for the party, then you should start thinking of what you would need for the party. You will of course need the basic party supplies such as table ware, balloons and streamers. You can even get Handy Manny party supplies, which are available in many online stores at affordable rates.

For a Handy Manny themed party, you should consider buying or renting the following items:

Mylar Helium Balloons

Rubber or plastic toy tools

Plastic tool box just like Manny

Yellow coloured caution cones, construction hard hats and caution tape

Handy Manny DVDs

Invitations Ideas

You can decorate the invites using stickers and write the party details at the back of the cardboard stock.

You can make the invites look like a Help Wanted advertisement in the classified section of a newspaper if you are good with a word processing program, this project will be a real piece of cake.

Use creative wordings on the invitation cards you send out.

If you do not have time to create the invites yourself, you can get personalized or pre-made invitation cards instead.

Decorating Ideas

You can make your invited guests feel as though they are inside a work shop or at a work site with these creative ideas.

When decorating the party area with balloons, make sure you stick to the Handy Manny theme by using blue, green and red coloured balloons and also use the tableware and streamers of the same colours as well.

You can also create the sign board using cardboard, wood or poster board which reads Welcome to Handy Manny’s, if its broken, we fix it!

Give out name badges and hard hats to your guest as they arrive

For different activity areas you can make signs that read Work Area, Party Area, Canteen and so on.

Buy cheap plastic tools and paint faces on them to represent Manny’s tool friends

You can also hang plastic drop cloths from the roof of your house so that it looks as though your house is under construction.

Party Favors

Tool shaped candy

Rulers

Tape measures

Tool shaped crayons

Pencils

Keychain flash lights

Toy tools

Erasers

Stickers

There are lots of stores that offer Handy Manny favour sets that is, if you really want to save time.

Handy Manny is one of Thor’s favorite characters and has created a website based around a Handy Manny Party. You will find everything you need to plan your party from decorations and games to Handy Manny favors.

I have been into this guy about 5 months.?

He works in construction so he is never home on the weekdays but he sees me once on the weekend.He tells me he is into me but how can he be if he does not call me or talk to me until the weekend?When I ignore him at the party we are at(becuase personally I am fed up with his head games but I really like him)he takes me somewhere private and says”Why are you ignoring me?” I always respond by saying “Pat you never call me and expect me to be ok with the fact that I only see you once a week, if that.” Do you think this guy is into me or not? Do you think it is even worth trying to go after him?

He’s married and your a side piece. It’s so obvious.

Soital’s 99 Construction and Magic Drop Party